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1.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 16(1): 1-3, mar. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842958

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de apnea e hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es un factor de riesgo independiente para enfermedad cardiovascular1-3 y accidentes de tráfico4. En Argentina, las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen la principal causa de muerte en la población5 y sólo en el año 2014 han muerto 7613 personas (el equivalente a 21 muertes por día) debido a accidentes de tráfico6 . Si bien son múltiples las causas vinculadas a los siniestros viales, es necesario conocer el efecto real de esta enfermedad en nuestro país. Existen estudios a nivel nacional realizados con encuestas subjetivas que muestran una elevada prevalencia de ronquidos y de somnolencia diurna en transportistas7, 8 . Es decir, el SAHOS tiene impacto directo en la morbilidad de los pacientes que la padecen y relación con las principales causas de muerte en nuestro país


Subject(s)
Apnea , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
2.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 15(2): 117-121, jun. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842910

ABSTRACT

El diagnóstico de severidad del síndrome de apnea hipopnea del sueño (SAHOS) se efectúa con la medición del índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH) y requiere métodos de diagnóstico confiables. Dada la alta frecuencia de esta patología, se han desarrollado diferentes equipos de poligrafía respiratoria (PR) alternativos a la polisomnografía supervisada (PSG), y se ha observado que existe una aceptable concordancia diagnóstica entre estos dispositivos. Los eventos respiratorios fueron marcados según las recomendaciones del consenso español 2005, agregándose los arousales respiratorios sustitutos (AS), y se ha interpretado como AS a la presencia de reducción del flujo de la cánula de presión amplificada, seguida de un esfuerzo representado por hiperventilación sin desaturación acompañante, que incluye por lo menos 2 ciclos respiratorios. Se analizan 1128 estudios, incluyéndose 1.101 realizados con igual aparatología. Se realiza poligrafía respiratoria con oximetría con sensor de flujo con cánula nasal, monitoreo oximétrico, banda respiratoria y sensor de posición supina y no supina. El cálculo del IAHt (total) con PR comprende la cuantificación de la suma de las apneas obstructivas, apneas mixtas, apneas centrales, hipopneas y AS, dividido el tiempo de sueño estimado. A su vez evaluado en posición supino (IAHs) y no supino (IAHn). El análisis estadístico se realizó a través de la correlación de Pearson y el cálculo del Chi cuadrado entre el IAHn y el IAHs, y mostró relación estadísticamente significativa. Observamos que el índice de apneas hipopneas en pacientes con SAHOS, incluyendo los arousales subrogantes, medidos con la cánula de presión amplificada, presenta mayor severidad en decúbito supino que en no supino.


The diagnosis of severe Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Obstructive Syndrome (SAHOS) is performed by measuring the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI ) and requires reliable diagnostic methods. Owing to the high frequency of this disease, different equipments of Respiratory Polygraphy (RP) have been developed as alternatives to supervised polysomnography (PSG).There is an acceptable diagnostic concordance among these devices. Respiratory events were recorded as recommended by the Spanish consensus 2005, adding the Respiratory Surrogate Arousal (SA), interpreting SA as the presence of reduced flow in the cannula of amplified pressure, followed by an effort represented by hyperventilation without concomitant desaturation, including at least two respiratory cycles. The analysis included 1,128 studies, of which 1,101 made with the same technology. The studies included respiratory polygraphy performed with a flow sensor through nasal cannula, oximetry monitoring, respiratory band and a sensor for supine and non supine position. The estimate of the Apnea Hypopnea Index - AHI - (total) with RP comprises the sum of obstructive apnea, mixed apnea, central apnea, hypopnea and SA, according with the estimated sleep time. Also the AHI was evaluated in supine position (AHIs) and in non supine position (AHIn). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation and calculation of Chi square between AHIn and AHIs; there was a statistically significant relationship. We note that the apnea hypopnea index in patients with SAHOS, including surrogate arousals, measured with the amplified pressure cannula, presents greater severity in supine than in non supine position.


Subject(s)
Apnea , Arousal , Supine Position
3.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 15(1): 77-80, mar. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-842902

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades autoinmunes pueden comprometer el pulmón, como ocurre por ejemplo en las enfermedades del tejido conectivo, pero poco se ha publicado sobre la asociación entre la hepatitis autoinmune (HAI) y la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPID). Se presenta una mujer de 57 años de edad, hipotiroidea, fumadora activa que consulta por tos seca y disnea. El examen físico reveló crepitantes aislados en bases pulmonares. La oximetría de pulso fue de 96%. El laboratorio mostró niveles elevados de las transaminasas, factor anti núcleo 1/80 y anticuerpo anti músculo liso 1/1280. La espirometría dejó en evidencia capacidad vital forzada del 85% y capacidad de difusión de monóxido de carbono del 53% del predicho. Ecografía hepática: hepatomegalia lobulada. Vías biliares intra y extrahepáticas conservadas, sin hipertensión portal. La biopsia hepática demostró infiltrado inflamatorio moderado y algunos plasmocitos con extensa hepatitis. A nivel acinar, se observaron focos necroinflamatorios aislados. Tricómico: bandas fibrosas gruesas que delimitan nódulos de regeneración. Tomografía de tórax: patrón reticular con vidrio esmerilado bilateral, algunas bronquiolectasias y sin panal de abeja. Se interpretó como HAI más EPID. La paciente rechazó la biopsia pulmonar. Hay muy pocos reportes en la literatura médica que describan la asociación entre la hepatopatía autoinmune y afectación intersticial pulmonar. Es importante determinar si la HAI comparte un mecanismo fisiopatológico común con la EPID, ya que tiene implicaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Se deben tener en cuenta la HAI y la EPID, como enfermedades potencialmente relacionadas, con probables mecanismos fisiopatológicos en común.


Autoimmune diseases can compromise the lung, for example the connective tissue diseases, but little has been published about the association between autoimmune hepatitis (AH) and interstitial lung diseases (ILD). We present a 57 year old woman with hypothyroidism and current smoking habit who complains of dry cough and dyspnea. Physical examination detected isolated crackles in pulmonary bases. Pulse oximetry was 96%. Blood tests showed elevated aminotransferase levels, antinuclear antibody 1/80, anti-smooth muscle antibodies: 1/1280. Spirometry showed forced vital capacity of 85% of predicted value and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was 53% of predicted value. Hepatic ultrasonography showed diffuse, lobulated hepatomegaly. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tracts were preserved without portal hypertension. Liver biopsy demonstrated moderate inflammatory infiltrate and some plasmocytes with extensive hepatitis. At acinar level isolated necroinflammatory foci were observed. The Tricomic Technique showed thick fibrous bands that delimit regenerative nodules. The Chest Tomography showed diffuse interstitial opacities with bilateral ground glass, reticular pattern, few bronchiolectasis and no honeycombing. The case was interpreted as AH plus ILD. The patient refused lung biopsy. There are very few reports in the medical literature describing the association between autoimmune liver disease and pulmonary interstitial involvement. It is important to determine whether this type of autoimmune liver disease shares a common pathophysiological mechanism with ILD, because of the diagnostic and therapeutic implications (e.g. the decision to perform surgical lung biopsy) and possible prognostic significance. We should consider AH and ILD as related diseases with probable common pathophysiological mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases , Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Hepatitis, Autoimmune
4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 73(4): 349-62, jul.-ago. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1165165

ABSTRACT

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is one of the most relevant chronic respiratory pathologies due to its high prevalence and impact in morbidity and mortality. In 2001, the Asociación Argentina de Medicina Respiratoria (AAMR) published the first Argentinean Consensus on Sleep-Related breathing Disorders. Since then, wide new scientific evidence has emerged, increasing significantly the knowledge about this pathology. According to this, the Sleep-Related breathing Disorders and Oxygen Therapy Section of the AAMR, decided to update its Consensus, developing this Practical Guidelines on Management of patients with OSAS. A working group was created with members belonging to the section, experts in OSAS. They extensively reviewed the literature and wrote these guidelines, orientated to practical resolution of clinical problems and giving answers to questions emerged from dealing with patients who suffer from this syndrome. The document defines OSAS and describes the diagnosis and severity criteria, as well as the risk factors, ways of presentation and epidemiology. Clinical consequences, mainly on cognition, cardiovascular system and metabolism are pointed out. Different diagnostic methods, with their indications and technical aspects for validation and interpretation are detailed. Finally, we describe therapeutic alternatives, as well as practical aspects of their implementation. The authors’ aim was to generate an accessible tool for teaching and spreading the knowledge on these disorders, which have a great impact in public health.


Subject(s)
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Argentina , Mandibular Advancement/methods , Risk Factors , Humans , Oximetry , Polysomnography , Societies, Medical , Severity of Illness Index
5.
Rev. Asoc. Med. Bahía Blanca ; 20(4): 85-88, octubre-diciembre 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-966150

ABSTRACT

Se presenta una paciente de 80 años con estridor de etiología desconocida remitida a nuestra institución para la realización de una fibrobroncoscopía. Se la reevaluó y con la sospecha clínica de compresión vascular de la traquea se hicieron evidentes nuevos hallazgos. Se solicitaron nuevos estudios y se llegó al diagnóstico de compresión traqueal por arteria subclavia derecha aberrante con divertículo de Kommerell. Se realizó revisión bibliográfica al respecto.


An 80 year old female patient with stridor of unknown ethiology is referred to our institution for a fibrobronchoscopy. The patient was re-assessed due to clinical suspicion of vascular compression in the trachea and this lead to new and evident findings. New studies were requested and the final diagnosis was tracheal compression by aberrant right subclavian artery with Kommerell's diverticulum. A literature review was carried out.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Subclavian Artery , Tracheomalacia , Diverticulum , Atherosclerosis
6.
Rev. Asoc. Med. Bahía Blanca ; 19(2): 49-53, abril-junio 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-968286

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un paciente con compromiso pulmonar de aspecto infiltrativo y adenopatías mediastinales en el que se utilizó la punción transcarinal para la obtención de material para biopsia. Se realizó revisión bibliográfica al respecto.


Patient presenting infiltrative-like pulmonary involvement and mediastinal adenopathies in which transcarinal puncture for biopsy sample extraction was performed. A literature review was carried out.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Lymphadenopathy , Punctures , Lung Diseases , Mediastinal Diseases
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